One of the largest stupas in the world and the most significant centre of Tibetan Buddhism in Nepal. A living symbol of compassion, wisdom and peace.
There are stupas that you approach through a lane of shops and then, as you turn a corner, the whole structure appears at once — white, enormous, its painted eyes looking out from the harmika with an expression that manages to be both serene and unsettling. Boudhanath is that stupa. It dominates everything around it, and the ring of monasteries, teahouses, and prayer-flag-strung rooftops that surrounds it has grown up in active relationship with its presence.
Boudhanath is one of the largest stupas in the world. Its circular base extends roughly 100 metres in diameter; the entire structure, from the bottom of the stepped plinth to the tip of the spire, rises approximately 36 metres. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the most significant centre of Tibetan Buddhism in Nepal.
The origin stories of Boudhanath are multiple and contested. The most widely circulated account, recorded in Tibetan texts, traces the stupa to the reign of the Licchavi kings of Nepal and links it to a woman named Shankhamul who requested land from the king to build a stupa to honour the previous Buddha Kashyapa. Other accounts place its origin later. Architectural evidence and radiocarbon dating suggest the core structure dates to at least the 14th century CE, though the site may have been sacred for considerably longer.
The stupa is mentioned in Tibetan classical texts from the 8th and 9th centuries CE, and the Tibetan community has had a relationship with it going back centuries. Tibetan governmental jurisdiction over the stupa lasted from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Following the 1959 political changes in Tibet, Boudhanath became a refuge and spiritual home for a large Tibetan exile community. Today, dozens of Tibetan monasteries and retreat centres surround the stupa.
Traditional foundation legends and stupa dedicated to Buddha Kashyapa
Cone structure of the stupa is believed to have been built.
Under Tibetan governmental jurisdiction.
Tibetan refugees arrived and established monasteries around the stupa.
Severely damaged by the earthquake.
Restoration completed and the stupa stands renewed in glory.
Boudhanath’s architecture represents the path to enlightenment. Every element of the stupa holds deep symbolic meaning.